不及物动词(句型1)
1. 句型1 → S + V
不及物动词是指不需要宾语,词汇本身就可以对主语进行说明的实义动词。在句型1的语法中,副词、介词短语及状语从句对句型仅作修饰。
· I experimented. 我研究了。
S V1
· I experimented earnestly. 我研究得很认真。
S V1 (副词)
· I experimented until night. 我研究到晚上。
S V1 (介词短语)
· I experimented until I found the solution. 我一直研究到找到解决方案为止。
S V1 (状语从句)
2. 完全不及物动词的用法
不及物动词本身不可直接带宾语,但可以与介词连用之后再带宾语,将不及物动词与介词看作是一个整体,这样理解起来比较方便。
▲考试中经常会省略掉下述动词短语的介词,以此作为陷阱考查考生的语法水平。背诵时务必将动词与介词放在一起记忆。
1 account for:是……的原因,对……作出解释,占(比例等)
· He could not account for the missing funds.
他无法对缺失的资金作出解释。
He could not account to the missing funds. ×
▲account 接宾语时需要与介词for 连用。
2 admit of:有……的可能
· The situation admits of no delay. 这个情况没有延期的可能。
▲admit 表示“承认,招供,允许”的含义时,带有及物动词的性质。 ★参考11-03
· I admit my fault. 我承认我的错误。
3 agree to +事物,agree with +人或事物(同意)vs. agree on +内容(就……取得一致) ★参考03-35
· We agreed to the committee''s plan. 我们同意委员会的计划。
· I agree with my mother. 我与我母亲意见一致。
· He and I agreed on your proposal. 他和我同意你的提议。
▲agree 还可以接动词不定式和that 从句作为宾语。
· My teacher agreed to let me go early. 老师同意让我早点去。
· We agreed that the proposal was a good one. 我们同意那份提案非常棒。
反义词disagree(不同意)也是不及物动词,常见句型有:disagree with + 人,disagree on about + 事物
· He is tolerant of those who disagree with him.
· He is tolerant of those who disagree him. ×
他对那些与自己意见不同的人很宽容。
▲disagree 必须跟介词后再接宾语。
CHECK
4 allow for:考虑到= consider
· We must allow for some delay. 我们必须考虑到会有一些延迟。
· I don''t allow you to smoke. 我不允许你吸烟。
5 apologize to + 人 for + 理由:向某人道歉,因……道歉
· Paul''s parents apologized to Jimmie for their son''s mistake.
Paul''s parents apologized Jimmie for their son''s mistake. ×
保罗的父母因为自己儿子的失误向吉米道歉。
▲apologize 是不及物动词,接宾语时必须跟介词。
6 associate with:和……来往
· I have been associating with layabouts.
I have been associating layabouts. × 我曾经和游手好闲的人交往过。
▲当associate 表示“与……交往”的含义时,必须跟介词with 才可以接宾语。
· I associate him with my childhood. 我看到他联想到我的童年。
▲associate 表示“联想,使联合”的含义时是及物动词。
7 attend on(照料,照顾)vs. attend + 场所 聚会(出席)vs.attend to = give pay attention to(注意)
· The nurses attended on the sick day and night. 护士们不分昼夜地照顾病人。
· You must attend school. 你必须去上学。
· You must attend to all things. 你必须注意所有事情。
= You must pay attention to all things.
You must pay attention for all things. ×
▲ 与attend to 意思相近的表达pay attention 在接宾语时必须与介词to 连用。
8 belong to:属于 ★参考02-31
· Many men belong to the organization. 很多人是那个组织的成员。
Many men are belonged to the organization. ×
▲
belong 是不及物动词,不存在被动语态。
9 complain about of over + 事物 to + 人:抱怨某事,向某人抱怨
· People complain about of high prices. 人们抱怨物价高。
· I complained to the manager about the service. 我向管理者抱怨过服务。
▲complain 可以接that 从句作为宾语。
· He complained that service was bad. 他抱怨了服务太差劲。
10 conform to(= comply with):遵从,同意,符合
· That building does not conforn to the safety regulatims.
那栋建筑物不符合安全条例。
11 consist of(由……构成)vs. consist in(在于)vs. consist with(与……一致)
· Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧构成的。
Water is consisted of hydrogen and oxygen. ×
▲consist 是不及物动词,不存在被动语态。
· Freedom consists in the absence of oppressive laws.
自由存在于没有压迫性法律的情况下。(= 没有压迫性的法律才有自由。)
· Health does not consist with intemperance. 健康与无节制是无法并存的。
12 contribute to:有助于,是……的部分原因 ★参考11-50
· He contributed to local community''s advance. 他为地区的发展贡献了力量。
13 count on:依靠= rely on = depend on = hinge on = turn to = resort to
· Don''t count on me. 不要依靠我。
· This case counts. 这个案子很重要。
· Cars are automatically counted on the bridge. 那座桥上的小汽车会被自动计数。
· I count this case as important. 我认为这个案子很重要。
14 deal with:处理,应付,与……打交道= see about
· I''ll deal with the children later. 晚些时候我会处理孩子们的事。
15 depend on upon:取决于,依赖,依靠
· His success depends on upon effort and ability. 他的成功取决于努力和能力。
16 dispose of:处理,扔掉
· My mother disposed of much rubbish. 我妈妈扔掉了很多垃圾。
17 experiment on with:用……做实验
· I experimented on with alcohol. 我用酒精做实验。
18 graduate from + 学校(从……毕业)vs. graduate in + 专业科目(毕业于……专业)
· She graduated from Harvard last year. 她去年从哈佛大学毕业。
She graduated Harvard last year. ×
▲当主语是人时,graduate 是不及物动词,因此必须跟介词后才能接宾语。
· Only forty students graduated in English last year.
去年只有40 名学生从英语专业毕业。
▲graduate 表示“准予……毕业”的意思时,可以用作及物动词。
· The college graduated 50 students last year.
去年那所大学毕业了50 名学生。